Rock-breaker.



PATENTED AUG. 13, l9( )7.

J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER. APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 8, 1905.

BSHEETS-SHEET l.

THE NORRIS PETERS COH'WASHINGTON, D c.

No. 863,526. PATENTED AUG.13, 1907. J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER.

APPLIOATION FILED 13150.8. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENT-ED AUG. 13, 1907.

J. B. FREEMAN. ROCK BREAKER. APPLIOATIOK FILED DEO.B. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Q' ho "13 "ohms PETERS'CQ, WASHINGTON, v. c.

JAMES B. FREEMAN, or Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

ROCK-BREAKER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 13, 1907.

Application filed December 8, 1905. Serial No. 290,864.

A further object of the invention is to provide a.

machine for this purpose which will break the rock substantially alongnatural lines of cleavage or crystallization.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine for this purposewhich will break rock into a granular and clean condition with a minimumof dust or slimes.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine for thispurpose which will subject the rock to a rolling action and a lateralshearing or twisting strain, thereby accomplishing the results abovereferred to.

The invention comprises a machine having jaw members so pivoted andoperated as to have a relative oblique shearing movement of approach andrecession, with reverse lateral or parallel movement.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention, and referringthereto:Figure 1 is a plan of the ma chine. Fig. 2 is an end elevationthereof. Fig 3 is a vertical section on line 32 in Fig. 1. Fig. i is avertical section on line 1 in Fig. 2v Figs. 5 and 6 are plans ofdifferent forms of the invention adapted for the smaller size of rock.

The machine comprises a base or frame 1, a plurality, in this case two,jaw members 2, 3, pivotally mounted on said base by vertical pivots orfulcrums 4, 5, and operating means connected to said jaw members. Theframe 1 is formed with standards 6 on the outer sides of the workingportions of the jaw members, the top of said standards being connectedby a removable top plate 7 fastened on the base 1 by bolts 8, and thepivots or fulcrums 4, 5, of the jaw members extend through and arejournaled in the bottom plate 1 of the base and in this top plate 7. Thejaw members 2, 3, are preferably formed with removable jaw plates orfaces 9, the said jaw members being provided with seats or recesses 10to receive and support said jaw plates, the seats or recesses beinginclined so that the space between them is flared upwardly or is widerat the top than at the bottom, and so that the jaw plates 9, beinginclined, rest in these seats by gravity. The front or working faces ofsaid jaw plates may have ribs 10 to enable them to more effectually takehold of and operate on the material to be broken. Bottom plate 1 has anopening 1 for the discharge of broken rock. Jaw members 2, 3 have flangeextensions 2, 3, 2 3, the flanges 2, 3, being cast integral with therespective members, and the flanges 2, 3 being bolted thereto as at 16.Each of said flanges is wider or extends further at the top tocorrespond with the divergence of the opposite jaw face, these flangesclosing the space or rock receiving chamber 12 at each enc.

The top plate 7 has an opening or passage 11 formed therein above thechamber or space 12 between the jaw plates 9, said opening beingsubstantially the same dimensions as said chamber or space. The top ofsaid plate is formed with a ridge or flange 13, serving to retain andguide the ore on or onto said top plate and into the opening or passagetherein. This flange also serves to strengthen the top plate, and asimilar flange 14 may be provided on the base portion 1. The frame 1 andtop 7 may be formed of castiron and to strengthen the same, may beprovided with reinforcing bands 15, cast or sln'unk thereon around theflanges 13, 14.

The operating means for the jaw members comprises a driving shaft 17journaled in bearings 18 on the base or frame 1, and carrying a suitabledriving pulley 19 and an eccentric 20 provided with a strap block 23,mounted on the link 21 formed of a bar bent in U-shape, the said strapblock being preferably divided, and secured in a bend of the link 21 andthe key 22 being inserted through a slot in link 21 and engaging one ofthe parts of the divided strap block to hold the same in place, said keybeing held and adjusted by a set screw 24. At its outer end the link 21is connected by a pivot or swing bolt connection 25 to a block 26journaled or rotatably mounted on a journal 27 extending from the shank28 of the jaw member 2. A similar journal 29 formed on the correspondingshank of the jaw member 3 passes freely between the upper or lowermembers of the link 21, and is connected to the shank 27 aforesaid bystraps or bars 30 extending above and below journal blocks 31, 32 on therespective journals and connected thereto by bolts or pivot pins 33;

In order to provide for the slight angular movement of the bar 21relatively to the eccentric, the bearing of the latter in the eccentricstrap block is made spheroidal or with a curvature longitudinal of theaxis thereof.

The ribs 10 on the jaws may consist of hard steel bars fastened on thejaw plates by rivets 10. When the jaw plates are worn, the ribs or bars10 can be removed and replaced by new ones. Said jaw plates may howeverbe smooth as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The jaw faces 9 and the side faces or flanges 2, 3, etc., form a rockreceiving chamber, whose length is that of the faces 9, and whose widthis that of the faces 2, 3, etc., this width increasing from bottom totop of the chamber. Pivots or fulcrums 4, 5 are located back of the jawfaces and are offset in a direction parallel to the length of the jaws,being dissymmetrically located on opposite sides of a median plane,indicated at .t-a midway between the jaw faces, one of said fulcrumsbeing nearer one end of the rock receiving chamber,

nd the other fulcrum being nearer the other end of said chamber. Eachjaw lies mainly to one side of the radial plane, indicated at y1,transverse to the jaw faces, namely, to the side toward the fulcrum ofthe other jaw, and each jaw face is oblique to the line joining thefulcrum centers. tric, the jaws occupy the positions shown in full linesin Fig. 1. As the eccentric bar moves to the left, the jaws rock ordeflect simultaneously in opposite directions, by a more or lessparallel movement in an oblique shearing direction, to the positionshown in dotted lines, this movement having a component of recession orseparation of the parts and a component lengthwise of the jaws andlateral with respect to the recessive movement. This separation of thejaws allows the stone to fall further into the rock receiving chamber.Then the movement is reversed by the eccentric and the jaws swing inopposite directions obliquely toward one another, by an oblique, more orless parallel movement of approach, this movement consisting of acomponent of approach and a component of lateral or lengthwise movement,giving a resultant shearing action on the stone.

Rotation of the driving shaft 17 will effect through the above namedconnections a vibratory or oscillatory movement of the jaw members 2, 3on their respective pivots or fulcrums 4, 5. The pivots 4, 5 of therespective jaw member 2, 3, being located back of the jaw faces, itfollows that the oscillatory movement, above referred to, results insaid faces 9 swinging lengthwise of said chamber in opposite directions,and said pivots or fulcrums being offset in the direction of the lengthof the chamber so that each jaw face 9 lies mostly to one side of theplane extending from the pivotal center thereof transverse to the jawface. The jaw face in this swinging movement will have in addition toits movement lengthwise of said rock receiving chamber, a movement in atransverse direction, or to and from the other jaw face, and as thecenter of the working face of each jaw is offset from the pivotal centerthereon in a direction toward the working center of the other jaw, thesemovements of approach and recession of the two jaws are incorrespondence, the two jaws moving toward one another simultaneouslyand then moving away from one another simultaneously. The combination orresultant of these two movements, viz., lengthwise movement of the jawfaces in opposite directions, and transverse movement of said faces alsoin opposite directions, produces a relative slantwise movement of thejaw faces which may be defined as relative oblique shearing movement ofthe jaws. A rock being placed in this rock receiving chamber is arrestedby the downwardly converging walls or faces 9 thereof, and in themovement of said faces is subjected to a strain tending to press oneface or side of the rock laterally in one direction, and the other'sideof the rock laterally in the opposite direction, while at the same timesufficient pressure is exerted on the rock by the slantwise approach ofthe faces to enable the faces to grip thereon and bring the lateralshearing action thereof into full play. This action has a tendency toroll, twist or turn In the median position of the eccenthe rock, wherebyit is successively subjected to strains in different angular planesthroughout the mass thereof. Substantially all rocks and ores have moreor less crystalline structure, or at least a tendency to break morefreely along certain planes of cleavage, and when the ore is turned inthis manner so as to exert the strains successively in differentdirections therein, the rock will eventually be brought into a positionwhere the strain from the jaws is exerted in the most favorabledirection, that is to say, in a direction to shear along the planes ofcleavage, or in the direction of the least resistanceof the rock. Whenpresented to the jaws in this manner, the amount of force required tobreak the rock is small compared to that required for directcompression. Independently of this action, the shearing or twistingeffect due to the offset of the jaws and of their lateral movement inopposite directions is of direct advantage in minimizing the powerrequired in breaking and in the completeness or cleanness of thefracture. With direct compression jaws, even if the rock be presented inthe most favorable direction, the pressure of the jaws cannot be exertedso favorably as if the jaws had the lateral shearing movement. If theplane of cleavage were transverse to the planes of the jaws, themovement of the jaws toward one another would have no component in adirection tending to separate the rock along the planes of cleavage. Ifthe plane of cleavage were parallel to the planes of contact with thejaws, the pressure would be such as to press the rock together insteadof to separate it along the plane of cleavage. If the planes of cleavageare diagonally directed in reference to the jaw faces, there will be atendency of the direct compression to slide the rock particlesdiagonally on one another along the planes of cleavage, but it isapparent that only a part or component of the total force exerted iseffective for this purpose, whereas by exerting a shearing strain onopposite sides of the rock, substantially the whole strain may bebrought parallel to the planes of cleavage and therefore be renderedeffective in splitting the rock along said planes. If a rock'were ofabsolute uniform crystalline or laminar structure throughout, thisshearing action would result in simultaneous disintegration of the rockthroughout its mass, but as such uniformity does not exist, the rockwill split or break along the weakest plane or planes. Nevertheless thestrain produced throughout the mass of rock along the planes of cleavagewill weaken the same, even where no breakage occurs, so that the rock isleft in condition for more effective action of subsequent breakingoperations.

The dimensions of the machine will depend on the size of rock to bebroken, the rock receiving chamber being of such size as to allow thelargest rock to fall into engagement within and between its walls. Aseries or battery of such rock breakers may be provided, each one takingthe discharge from the preceding one and breaking to a smaller size,suitable screen devices being used if necessary, as well known in theart, between the operation of successive breakers. In applying theinvention to the latter stages of the operation, and in general inbreaking small sizes of rock, it may be desirable to use jaw membersarranged in gangs, as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6. Thus in Fig. 5, each ofthe jaw members 2, 3 is mounted in similar manner to that above setforth, all of said sets being mounted on a common base 1 and providedwith a common top or feed plate 7, and the jaw members 2, 3 beingmounted on offset fulcrums 4, 5, and operated in unison by connectingstraps or links 30 connecting the jaw members of each pair and by straps40 pivotally connected to one of the jaw members of each pair andconnected to the operating frame bar 21 operated by the shaft 17. Thesets of jaw members are arranged side by side so that the rock receivingtop plate 7 extends in a direction transverse to the length of the jaws,thus giving a comparatively compact construction.

In Fig. 6 another arrangement is shown where the jaw members 2, 3 arepivoted on fulcrums 4", 5" on the frame 1 and top plate 7 thejaw facesand jaw members extending longitudinally of the top plate and frame, andthe respective sets of jaw devices being arranged end to end, each setbeing operated from the common driving shaft 17 by a driving strap 21links 30 being provided to connect two jaws of each set.

What I claim is: l

1. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members pivotally mounted onvertical fulcrums, and means connecting said jaw members to cause themto oscillate simultaneously on said fulcrums, the fulcrums of the jawmembers being offset in the direction of the length of the jaws so thatin their swinging movement the jaws will move in opposite directionslengthwise of the jaws and will simultaneously move toward or from oneanother. said jaw members being formed with downwardly convergingcrushing faces.

2. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with verticalfulcrums and with downwardly converging jaw faces. and means connectedto the respective jaw mem bors to oscillate the same simultaneously, thefulcrums of the jaw members being located so that the working faces ofthe jaws will oscillate simultaneously and oppositely in a movement ofrelative oblique recession or approach.

A rock breaker colnprising two pivotally mounted jaw members providedwith downwardly converging jaw faces to receive the material to becrushed and to allow such material to move between the jaw faces in adirection transverse to the plane of pivotal movement of the jaws, andmeans connected to the respective jaw members to oscillate the samesimultaneously. the fulcrums being olfset in direction of length of thejaw faces, so that the pivotal movement of the jaws produces a relativelon gitudinal movement of the jaw faces in addition to their movement ofapproach and recession. 4. A rock breaker comprising two jaw membersprovided with pivotal fulcrums whereby the jaw members are mounted tooscillate in a horizontal plane and with downwardly converging; jawfaces located between the fulcrums and extending obliquely to the linejoining the fulcrums, the fulcrums and jaw faces being transverse to theplane of movement of the jaw members and means for oscillating the jawmembers.

5. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with working faceslocated on opposite sides of a median plane. and provided with verticalfulcrums located dis symmetrically on the opposite sides of said planeand back of the respective jaw members and means for oscillating the jawmembers on their fulcrums.

(i. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with workingfaces located on opposite sides of a median plane and provided withvertical fulcrums located on opposite sides of said plane and moreremote therefrom than the jaws, said fulcrums being offset horizontallyin a direction parallel to said plane.

7. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members provided with fulcrum meansand with jaw faces extending in planes between said fulcrum means, eachjaw face being mainly to one side of a radial plane normal to saidfaces, and the said radial planes of the said jaw members being ofisetso that the jaws are in opposition.

S. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing workingfaces forming a rock receiving chamber and provided with fulcrums backof said faces, said fulcrums being offset longitudinally of said chambersaid jaw members having longitudinally extending arms and oscillatoryoperating means connected to move said arms in unison.

l). A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing workingfaces. forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and provided withfulcrums located back of said faces. the fulcrum for one jaw memberbeing nearer one end of the chamber and the other fulcrum being nearerthe other end of the chamber. and operating means c011- nected to thesaid jaw members for vibrating the same siinultaneously.

10. A rock breaker comprising two jaw members having opposing workingfaces, forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and having flangesextending beyond the said faces to form the ends of said chamber, andprovided with fulcrums located back of said faces, the fulcrum for onejaw member being nearer one end of the chamber, and the other fulcrumbeing nearer the other end of the chamber, and operating means connectedto the said jaw members for vibrating the same simultaneously.

11. A rock breaker comprsing two jaw members having opposing workingfaces, forming between them a rock receiving chamber. and provided withfulcrums located back of said faces the fulcrum for one jaw member beingnearer one end of the chamber and the other fulcrum being nearer theother end of the chamber, operating means connected to the said jawmembers for vibrating the same simultaneously. said operating meanscomprising arms on the jaw members, a link connection between said arms.a driving shaft. and means connected to be oscillated by said shaft andconnected to one of said arms.

12. A rock breaker comprising jaw members having opposing downwardlyconverging jaw faces forming between them a rock receiving chamber, andprovided with vertical fulcrums back of said jaw faces, and with armsextending from said members, and oscillatory operating means con nectedto said arms to oscillate same in unison to cause reverse movements ofthe jaw faces in an oblique shearing direction.

13, A rock breaker comprising jaw members having opposing jaw facesforming between them a rock receiving chamber, and provided withfulcrums back of said jaw faces. and with arms extending from saidmembers, and oscillatory operating means connected to said arms tooscillate same in unison to cause reverse movements of the jaw faces inan oblique shearing direction, said jaw members having jaw plates. eachjaw plate comprising a back plate having grooves, and rib-barsdetachably fastened in said grooves, said rib-bars being of hardermaterial than said back plates.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles,California, this 27th day of November, 1905.

JAMES B. FREEMAN.

In presence of Au'rmra P. KNIGHT. Vnnxa A. Tannnn'r.

